Isolation and screening of Trichoderma strains antagonistic to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33885/sf.2010.3.1062Keywords:
mycoparasitism, antibiosis, sclerotia degradationAbstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Ss) and Sclerotinia minor (Sm) drastically affect more than
400 plant species, and may cause crop yield reductions up to 50%. With the purpose to
obtain potential microorganisms to control both pathogens, the isolation of Trichoderma
strains from soil samples with different agricultural and forestry use was performed. Seventyone
fungal Trichoderma isolates (IBA) were obtained through sclerotia-trap techniques.
Subsequently their mycoparasitic activities on mycelium as well as on sclerotia of both
phytopathogens were assessed by in vitro dual cultures. The highest percentages of
colonization (>90%) of the Trichoderma strains on Ss and Sm were found for the isolates IBA-
3, IBA-4, IBA-38, IBA-54. The ability of Trichoderma strains to parasitize and to degrade
sclerotia in general was aggressive for the strains IBA-3, IBA-4, IBA-23, IBA-38, IBA-46, IBA-
54, and IBA-56. Based on morphological criteria, four of the most prominent strains were
identified as T. viride (IBA-4), T. pseudokoningii (IBA-23), T. harzianum (IBA-38), and T. virens
(IBA-46). These Trichoderma strains have important potential as antagonists to Ss and Sm.
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