Comparative ecological study between the fungi (higher fungi) from the tropical forests and the coniferous forests of the Southeast of Mexico

Abstract

170 specics of higher íungi are discussed in their distribution in the tropical
rnin forest or in the coniíeiotis íorcst. The sludicd región is in the Southeast
-of México, in Uxpanapa, Coat/.ncoalcos, Los Tuxtlas, Papaloapan and Xalapa
zone, simatcd in the States of Veracru/ and Oaxaca. More than 700 specimcns
of hcrbarium wcre studied.
The tropical íungi are more ronimon on wood than on soil. l i n t ihc fungi
from the conifcrous forests are more common on soil or cvcn on Iniírnis and
rarc on wood. This is in conncrions with ihe wcalhcr; Ihc liij;!i lemperature
.and humid oí the tropics, lielp the soon descomposición oí ihc DI^.-IIIK; material,
ihcn t l i e laycr of Innnus is t l i i n , Init in ihe roniíerou.s lorcsi i l i e laycr of humus is very thick for the cold'vveather. The fimicolous species are more comnion in
the tropical región, because the catde ranch are more common in that región
in comparation \vith the conilerous íorest región.
The mycorrhizíc fungí are common in the coniferous forests, but very rare in
the tropical rain forests. Amanita nauseosa, A. prograveolens, Laclarius veraecrucis
and Lycüperdon perlatum are the only possibly micorrhizíc fungí found in
the tropical forests.
The poisonous fungí are few species, but all these from the coniferous forest.
The edíble fungí are very common in the coniferous forests, but also were
found some edíble species in the tropical región. The hallucinogenic fungí are
only 6 species of Psilücybe, all in the tropical forest.