Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in wheat monoculture in Michoacan, Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33885/sf.2021.51.1369Abstract
Background: In Mexico, wheat serves as a staple grain. In 2019, wheat was planted in 526,449 ha of area, and 3,121,601 t of grain was produced. The agricultural practices, such as tillage, fertilization, and lack of crop rotation, have been shown to affect the community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in wheat.
Objetive: To determine the diversity and to taxonomically identify AMF in wheat monoculture handled with high doses of inorganic fertilizers.
Methods: The study was conducted in José Sixto Verduzco, Michoacán, Mexico. The soil samples were collected from the upper horizon (0-15 cm depth) of the winter wheat crops during March, 2018. The spores were isolated from 30 g samples and identified morphologically. The diversity was evaluated using the Shannon-Wiener index.
Results and Conclusions: Nine species were found, eight of them were identified at the species level: Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora spurca, Entrophospora infrequens, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Sclerocystis sinuosa, Septoglomus constrictum and Sieverdingia tortuosa. Funneliformis mosseae exhibited the highest relative abundance (50 %). The agricultural soil samples with wheat monoculture exhibited low AMF diversity (1.59) and high frequency of a single species, thereby limiting the advantageous effects exerted by these microorganisms on crops.
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